Corticosteroids Explained: Mechanism, Treatment, Side Effects & Brands”

Natural corticosteroid hormones are released by our body's adrenal glands. In this post, we will discuss corticosteroids, their mechanism, treatment, and side effects.


These steroids are called adrenal cortical steroids. Maintaining a balanced steroid balance in our body is crucial; both insufficient and excessive production can be dangerous.


If our bodies naturally produce these corticosteroid hormones, they are administered synthetically as medications.


When a patient's body cannot produce sufficient amounts of natural corticosteroids, synthetic steroids are required. If a patient is unable to produce sufficient amounts of these steroids, they may experience symptoms of a condition called adrenal insufficiency.  is.


Types of Corticosteroids

Corticosteroids are of two types:


1. Glucocorticoids


These steroids control inflammation, stress, and metabolism in our body.


Example: Prednisone, dexamethasone, methylprednisolone, hydrocortisone, triamcinolone, betamethasone, prednisolone, clobetasol, beclomethasone, budesonide, fluticasone, mometasone


2. Mineralocorticoids


These maintain the water and salt (electrolyte) balance in our body, thereby controlling our blood pressure.


Example: Fludrocortisone and Aldosterone


Natural corticosteroids like cortisol, corticosterone, aldosterone, etc. are found naturally in our bodies. Synthetic steroids are those steroids that are man-made in a laboratory.  They act like natural steroids.


Side Effects


These steroid medications should never be used without consulting a doctor, as prolonged use can increase side effects. Therefore, they should always be taken in low doses and for short periods. They should only be taken if absolutely necessary, otherwise they should be avoided. Some of their side effects include:


  • Fluid retention or swelling of feet and legs

  • High blood pressure

  • Increased blood sugar levels

  • Increased risk of infection

  • Insomnia

  • Weakening of bones (osteoporosis)

  • Gastric upset

  • Puffy face

  • Mood changes

  • Thinning of skin

  • Increase in bruising


Popular Brand Names


Omnacortil, Predmet, Dexona, Cortef, Wycort, Medrol, Defcort, Dezacort, Florinef, etc. are popular brands in the Indian pharmaceutical market.

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